How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half essays

How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half essays In 1830s the Plains Indians were sent to the Great American Deserts in the west because Indians in white mens objectives did not deserve a good fertile land to live on. When the white men realized they could still use the land they gave the Natives because the land could support agriculture, in 1850s white men wanted Indians out of their deserts. The government extinguished Indian rights to millions of acres just to get the good land back, and ordered the army to keep Indians on their assigned restrictions. The government wanted to bribe Natives because of what they believed Native Americans been pushed across the continent, they have no future to go so their future must be determined. Also, the government wanted technological changed such as building the Central Pacific Railroads in the areas where Natives lived. The white men killed Indians buffalo and took action to wipe the Plains Indians out with the Custers last Stand, Americanization, Dawes Act, and the wounded knee massacre a nd there changed the lives of the Natives forever. Crazy horse, a military genius saw a vision that American forces could be defeated before they kill all the Natives for their land and the Black Hills. Before general Crooks and Custer were going to attack the Sioux Crazy Horse with the help of Sitting Bull prepared a military and won a battle against General Custer and his men. Custer and his men died because Crazy Horses boys were bigger and stronger. After Custers Last Stand was over the Sioux were also defeated and broken. US government wanted the Black Hills so strongly that they asked Native Americans to sign the treaty of leaving the Black Hills or they would take the food out the reservations and starve the Indians to death. Sitting Bull signed the treaty and Black hills become legally of the US by 1877. Custers Last Stand and the Removal from black hills changed the Nat...

Speech 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech 1 - Essay Example The liquid in our body needs to be supplied with water daily for our body to live and to function. Without water, we will be dehydrated and will surely die. We also need to drink water at least 2 liters a day for us to be healthy. Proper intake of water improves the circulation of our body making us healthy and disease free. We may be able to survive drinking less than 2 liters a day but that will affect our health and strength. Ample intake of 2 liters of water a day helps the body cleanse itself to improve its circulation and remove the toxin from our body. There are instances when we need to drink more than 2 liters of water a day. This is when we engage in physical activities especially sports. Our body needs more than 2 liters of water when we engage in sport because it uses more nutrition when it exerts effort and part of it is water. Water also keeps our body cool during strenuous exercise through perspiration to avoid it from â€Å"overheating†. Thus we have to replenish those lost waters by hydrating our body by drinking more than 2 liters of water. Water is indeed important to our body. We need to drink 2 liters of water to live and to hydrate our body that is composed of around 80 percent liquid. Water is basically essential to human life. We also need to drink 2 liters of water to keep our body strong healthy. We may survive in drinking less than 2 liters of water a day but that will severely affect our health because the body is not properly hydrated and it does not have enough liquid to keep it strong. Finally, we need to drink to drink more than 2 liters of water a day when we engage in strenuous activity particularly sports to replenish the water that was lost during the increased activity. Indeed water is indispensable to our well-being because we need to drink it in order to live and at least 2 liters of it to remain healthy and more

Improving English Language Fluency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Improving English Language Fluency - Essay Example Let us discuss some of the most effective strategies that can be used by the teachers to enhance students’ fluency. Classroom Activities Some of the most effective ways, which can be used to improve fluency of the whole group, include telling students how to make correct use of verbs and improving students’ vocabulary and pronunciation. Eight weeks are enough for the teachers to make their students proficient in the use of verbs and vocabulary. Using this two-month strategy, teachers first educate students how to use different tenses, verbs, and phrases in writing and speaking. After that, teachers improve vocabulary and pronunciation of the students. In the end, teachers assess students’ learning by taking tests. 1. Use of Verbs, Collocations, and idioms The duration of first part of the strategy is one month. The first two weeks are reserved for improving use of verbs, phrases, discourse markers, and tenses whereas third week is reserved for educating students how to make use of idioms and phrases in sentences. Last week is spared for evaluation in which teachers give writing exercises to the students to check their level of understanding. Teachers also check speaking fluency by giving oral and written exercises to the students. This part of the strategy is a very productive step towards improving students’ knowledge regarding use of verbs and collocations. It makes students learn how to make correct use of words. Teachers can use this strategy to improve the word study and speaking fluency of the whole classroom. Although foreign people can read and write English correctly but when it comes to speaking, things become difficult for such speakers because they cannot integrate correct forms of verbs in their sentences. Word identification, understanding, and integration are the three major steps in improving language fluency. A student should be able to identify the words, understand their meanings, and use those words to develop sen tences. The purpose of making students aware of correct use of verbs and tenses is to help them generate correct sentences quickly. 2. Improving Students’ Vocabulary and Pronunciation Once the teachers make students perfect in the use of correct verbs and tenses, they start improving students’ vocabulary and pronunciation. Improving students’ vocabulary and pronunciation is the second part of the strategy, which also comprises of one month. In the first one and a half weeks, teachers ask students to read English newspapers and consult dictionary for improving their vocabulary. In the second one and a half weeks, teachers shift their focus towards improving pronunciation of the students. To accomplish his tasks, teachers encourage their students to watch English news channels, movies, and talk shows to know correct pronunciations of the words. In the last week of the strategy, teachers take comprehensive tests of the students to assess students’ vocabulary and pronunciation. The tests include tasks, such as, making students speak different words and asking them to write some sentences on different topics. Many of the foreign English speakers are not familiar with the words used in English language. They cannot communicate properly what comes in their minds because

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

HISTORY - Essay Example He was crowned King of Anshan after the death of his father in 559 BC. He soon started on a series of great achievements that marked his 29-year reign as the greatest in Persian history (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Cyrus’ first great achievement was the conquest of the Median Empire ruled by his maternal grandfather Astyages. Being a vassal kingdom of the Median Empire, Anshan was subject to its feudal lordship policies. Cyrus decided to rebel against Median control. In an armed struggle that lasted 5 years {554 BC to 549 BC}, he finally managed to defeat the Median armies and capture Ecbatana, which marked the end of the Median Empire. Cyrus then united it with Anshan to create the Achaemenid Empire Cyrus’ second great achievement occurred 3 years later when he conquered the Lydian Empire. In 547 BC, Croesus, ruler of the Lydian Empire attacked Pteria, a city of the Achaemenid Empire. Croesus besieged the city, captured its inhabitants and forced them to serve as slaves. Cyrus gathered a large army and marched against the Lydian forces. Many fierce battles were fought, most notably the Battle of Pteria and the Battle of Thymbra. In the latter, acting on the advice of one of his military commanders named Harpagus, Cyrus used a new military plan – he ordered his soldiers to follow behind camels as they marched to fight. The plan was to create panic among the horses rode by the Lydian cavalry who were not used to the smell of camels. The plan worked and the Lydian army was totally defeated, marking Cyrus’ conquest of the Lydian Empire in 546 BC (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Cyrus’ third great achievement was the conquest of Asia Minor 4 years later. It began when Cyrus ordered his military commander named Mazares to pursue a Lydian called Pactyas who had earlier tried to create a rebellion in Sardis {capital of the Lydian Empire} against Cyrus’ rule. Pactyas fled to Ionia where he

2 responses paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 responses paper - Case Study Example Acceptance of the technology is a way in which the democracy is being overlooked, further dismissing it as unnecessary and inconveniencing. I do not concur with the article. Obviously, the issue is a contest between privacy and security. In resolving the issue, I think it is important for one to question what matters between the two. Here, the answer is simple; breaching the right to privacy is not as serious as disregarding security. For one obvious reason, whereas breaching privacy may only inconvenience people, overlooking the pertinence of security would not only cause inconveniences, but also lose of lives, in the case of terrorist bombing. Clearly, it is a contest that touches on the right to life, as well. In my view, a lot of people have lost lives as a result of terrorism. The memories of September 11 attacks are still fresh and speak loudly. Besides, It cannot be disputed that airport security remains one of the issues of serious concern for most airports in the world since it also touches on safety. As such, airport security comprises of various methods and techniques that are aimed at protecting aircrafts, a s well as airports from criminal activities. This way, security protects the travelers, the airport employees and the freight. Airport security is aimed at curbing criminal activities that pertain to hijacking, destruction of aircrafts and airports, and assault on employee and passenger. The Rutherford commentary covers the case of Brandon Raub, who was taken by FBI agents and forcibly detained in the psychiatric ward. The reason give is that Brandon posted song lyrics, as well as personal political views, on his Facebook page. According to the Commentary, the issue elicited a public outcry, demanding for his release. However, the court would still disregard the fact that the interpretations of the content on Facebook would be interpreted out of the context. Consequently,

The Pharmaceutical Industry: UK Market

The Pharmaceutical Industry: UK Market The pharmaceutical industry is characterised as highly complex. The discoveries and the continued developments of medicines are result of human knowledge and advanced technologies. The industry consists of enormous size companies with complex processes and technologies. Typically, this kind of companies have many organisational and management structures. Also, the discovery, development and management distribution systems are extremely costly procedures. The industry directly employs approximately 73,000 in the UK and generates an additional 250,000 jobs in related industries (Department of Business Innovation, 2010). The industry has had a consistent trade surplus for the past twenty years, exporting more pharmaceutical products than it imports (ABPI, 2010). The Great Britain is the third major exporter of pharmaceuticals in the world. This high export volume insulates the industry from economic fluctuations in the UK market. According to statistics, the publicly funded National Health System in the UK is likely to considerably reduce the funding in subsequent years since the countrys finances appear to be significantly affected by recession. The financial year 2008/2009, the budget of the NHS increased by 5,5%. Yet, experts indicated that the budget of the NHS is like to rise by only 1% in 2009/2010. This increase, combined with inflation is probably equivalent to freezing or decreasing of funding (Q Finance, 2010). The main implication is that the pharmaceutical industry can be affected by macroeconomic problems. GlaxoSmithKline is a British pharmaceutical, biological and healthcare company and the second largest research-based in the world with an estimated 5,5% of the market worldwide and 8,3% of the UK market. Its sales for 2009 were  £28,3 billion and its operating profit  £8,4 billion. It specialises in both medicines and vaccines and covers all the therapeutic areas. But, it is the leader in four main areas: anti-infectives, gastro-intestinal, respiratory and central nervous system. Also, the firm is known for developing vaccines and treatments for cancer (GSKs Annual Report, 2009). Moreover, it employs 99,000 people in over 100 countries with more than 17,000 only in the UK. (Website- GSK in the UK, 2010) On the other hand, AstraZeneca has four main tactics that form the basis of its competitive strategy. The first one is the strength the pipeline of new products. This could be achieved through the continuous improvement of RD. The second is the growth of the business via continued focus on driving commercial excellence. For example, the initiatives of this priority refer to build on leadership positions in existing markets or expand their presence in emerging markets. The third is the reshape of the business. The idea here is the necessity of creating a new and flexible organisation with financial strength in order to be adapted by a changing business environment. The last is the promotion of a responsible and accountable culture. It is important for an organisation to be recognised by integrity with which it conducts its business. (AstraZenecas Annual Report, 2009) This company is one of the worlds leading pharmaceuticals with various innovative medicines. Its sales were USD$ 32,8 billion and its operating profit USD$ 13,6 billion in 2009 (AstraZenecas Annual Report, 2009). The firm focuses its operations in six healthcare areas which are: cardiovascular, cancer, infections, gastrointestinal, neurology, respiratory, and inflammation. Also, it employs around 11,600 people at 17 principal RD centres in 8 different countries and it has generally, 20 manufacturing sites in 16 countries. (Website: Key facts, 2010) Recently, AstraZeneca announced a supply partnership with Indias Torrent Pharmaceuticals in an attempt to enhance its presence in emerging markets and confront patent losses in blockbuster medicines. It is the first connection with a generic medicine-maker. According to the agreement, Torrent will supply AstraZeneca with 18 generic drugs which it will brand and market them in nine different countries (Business News; Drug Discovery Development, 2010). In contrast, Novartis has five strategic initiatives that form its long term sustainable development. The business strengthens its portfolio by evaluating internal and external opportunities in order to remain competitive and improve its position in the market. Also, it intensifies its innovation by developing new products according to peoples needs. The expansion in high-growth markets is another priority of Novartis as well as the improvement of organisational effectiveness. Productivity is a perpetual process and purpose of the firm is to deliver the best possible quality even faster. The final priority refers to performance-oriented culture. Novartis is a company that wants to create value for both patients and customers. (Novartis Annual Report, 2009) This firm is a global leader in innovative and generics medicines as well as in vaccines and consumer health goods. Its net sales were USD$ 44,3 billion and its operating profit USD$ 1,1 billion in 2009 (Annual Report, 2009). Also, Novartis in the UK is one of the largest subsidiaries in the world and employs over 3,500 people on nine sites. The main activities of British Novartis are the manufacturing, the packaging, the customer service and the marketing of products used locally and globally. (Novartis website, 2010) In January 2010, Novartis announced its immediate plan to gain full ownership of the Alcon Inc., a company that specialises in eye care, via completion deal with Nestle S.A. to attain its 77% majority stake of Alcon. After that, a proposal of direct merger of Alcon into Novartis is made by stakeholders (Novartis Annual Report, 2009) 4.1.2. Threat of New Entrants The entry barriers into the pharmaceutical sector are particularly high. Pharmaceutical industry faces many challenges that prevent newcomers to enter in this market. The production costs associated with years of RD are very high and government regulations are strict. According to the report of House of Commons Health Committee (2005), RD investments in the UK are worth 3,3 billion of pounds annually. Additionally, pharmaceutical companies need on average twelve years and more than  £500 million investment to bring a new medicine in the market. The threat of new entrants is particularly low because of the large economies of scale and the high capital requirements that the industry demands. Also, entrants face many risks associated with capabilities that established companies have developed many years ago. Those capabilities related to their experience, their good relationship with the third parties and the invention of new patents. Moreover, other barriers to entry could be the differentiation of products and the difficulty in access to distribution channels. Once a company differentiates its products, it becomes immediately unique and creates brand name. The brand identity of major pharmaceutical firms is strongly associated with customers loyalty and preferences in brand name medicines. However, new entrants can not easily create a brand name from one moment to another. Furthermore, the established companies face strict regulations concerning the developing and delivering of their pharmaceutical products. The process of manufacturing a new drug, as we mentioned before, is lengthy and costly and firms invest a great deal of money in RD. New medicines need approval by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI). Another regulation refers to drugs patents that are protected by the firms and generally last about 10 to 15 years. All of the above factors are very discouraging for new entrants. 4.1.3. Threat of Substitutes Generally, the basic substitutes that pharmaceutical industry faces are the generic medicines. Generics are copies of previously patented medicines and do not differ from brand names. Many consumers prefer them because they are cheaper than the originals. But, unfortunately, generics are not always available as substitutes due to the protection of companies patents. Pharmaceutical companies face substitutes for their products when their patents have expired. In this case, the threat for substitutes is medium because of the lower price that generic drugs provide. This happens due to the fact that the companies that produce generics did not have to pay the initial cost of RD. In contrast, companies have the monopoly of their medicines when their patents are still active. This means that the threat of substitutes is weak and the large pharmaceutical firms have the absolute control in the market and are powerful. Additionally, other substitutes that pharmaceutical industry in the UK faces are the natural remedies such as herbs and other traditional products as a part of healthiness programmes of private firms (Thinking made easy, 2010). Reports from NHS encourage the people to use these kinds of products which are alternative products in place of branded and generic drugs. Also, there are specific policies that protect the public from those alternative drugs which established by The House of Lords (Department of Health, 2001). Overall, the threat of substitutes is fairly weak. 4.1.4. Bargaining Power of Buyers The pharmaceutical industry consists of many buyers such as patients, doctors, hospitals, drug stores and pharmacists. It is known that buyers can affect businesses by seeking lower prices, high quality and better service. Actually, the main buyers in the UK are the government and the people who obtain prescriptions from medical professionals. Most of the consumers in Britain purchase pharmaceutical products more frequently in small quantities. Most of the established pharmaceutical firms have branded medicines in the market, so buyers can choose among a variety of products according to their personal needs and preferences. Additionally, the bargaining power of buyers is not powerful because the switching costs from one product to another are high. Also, buyers in the UK can choose between branded or generic medicines. However, most consumers prefer to buy generic drugs because are cheaper. Pricing plays important role to customers and hospitals along with pharmacies are pressing firms to reduce their prices. The bargaining power of hospitals and drug stores is very high as they purchase large quantities. Many companies do not lower their drug prices and hospitals try to find other firms which are in position to do it. The main reason that pharmaceutical companies pose medicines patents is because they want to set the prices and monopolise the market. For many years the medicines were and still be a great necessity to people. Great Britain and most of European countries work with drug prescriptions in hospitals. Consumers prefer to supply their medicines from hospitals because the cost is lower if they have health insurance. Furthermore, nowadays consumers are fully-informed about the launches of new medicines from the Internet. This gives some kind of power to buyers although not very significant since they do not have full access to important information. Overall the bargaining power of buyers is quite low because they agree and buy pharmaceutical products, even when firms set high prices. Therefore, the companies have the advantage. 4.1.5. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Pharmaceutical companies have a wide range of suppliers who are essential. They usually provide raw materials, components, intermediates products and other supplies. One category of suppliers is those who provide raw materials that are necessary for firms production process. For instance, the process of drugs packaging includes materials such as foils that cover the tablets of capsules, the bottles that enclose the syrups (Typepad, 2008). In this case the bargaining power of suppliers is very low, although corporations are the major buyers of these inputs. This happens because they are exclusively dependent on the industry to continue to exist. Another category of suppliers are those who provide other important substances such as colours that used into syrups, sweeteners as well as fruit flavours, inputs that are especially used in childrens medicines. Those manufacturers can provide some kind of threat but in the pharmaceutical industry their bargaining power is weak. Their negotiation power is low and they do not charge unreasonable high prices in their products because most of the companies in the UK have their own manufacturing plants. Also, the switching costs of suppliers and the firms are relatively high, since it is not so simple for companies to change providers even when they warned to keep back further supply. In this aspect, the bargaining power of suppliers is high. Generally, suppliers power is weak and therefore the pharmaceutical companies have the strength to ask for lower prices and arrange better deals. 4.2 HOW THE FIVE FORCES AFFECT THE INDUSTRYS PROFITABILITY The Five Forces model of Porter has generally, a significant influence on the profitability of the industry. In this industry, all the factors except rivalry do not affect considerably the efficiency of the British pharmaceutical companies. In every industry, the suppliers are a significant ingredient and can seriously affect the firms marketplace. However, their power is weak since they affect everyone and cannot be thought as a significant force. Therefore, the profitability of pharmaceutical companies does not affected by suppliers. On the other hand, buyers are powerful when they push firms to lower prices, but their power is really weak when pharmaceutical companies are protected by drug patents. This is the point where firms monopolise the market. Threat of substitutes is related to buyers power since consumers can choose between branded and generic medicines. In this point the profitability of pharmaceutical companies might be affected because of the lower prices of generic pharmaceutical products. But, firms with patents on their new inputs cannot be affected by generics medicines. Also, complementary remedies cannot considerably affect firms profits since patients prefer the products of big pharmaceuticals. The threat of alternatives inputs is quite low and obviously cannot affect businesses profits. The barriers to newcomers are very high and it is difficult for them to enter to such competitive market. Therefore, they cannot negatively influence the profitability of firms. To conclude, the intensity of rivalry of British pharmaceutical industry is very dynamic and can strongly influence the profitability of its companies. It is important for all businesses to be aware of those five forces in order to gain competitive advantage and be profitable. 5. HOW THE REMOTE ENVIRONMENT AND THE COMPETITIVE ARENA HAS AN EFFECT ON THE PLAYERS WITHIN THE INDUSTRY In this paper, PEST analysis considered the macro-environment of British pharmaceutical industry and showed all those external factors that limit the operations of an industry. The main limitations that should be highlighted are the pricing regulation, advertising code of practice, EU directives concerning approval of new pharmaceutical products, labelling requirements and clinical trials. Also, investments in RD and technological innovation are necessary in this industry but very costly. Patents expire and new medicines should come into the market. Lastly, the demographic changes force the industry to produce more pharmaceutical products. All the above factors obligate the pharmaceutical companies in the industry to formulate specific strategy. On the other hand, Porters Five Forces analysis considered the microenvironment of the industry and relies on the internal environment factors that governing the function of a company. These features may change depending on the organisational structure and business strategy. This model takes into account the relationships that are formulated between the company and other third parties such as consumers, suppliers and competitors and in which way it manages those relationships. The competition among pharmaceutical companies is fierce and has strongly impact on the profitability of the industry. Concerning the other features of Porters model, they do not influence the competitors since their effect is considerably low. Therefore, there is not any consequence on the profitability of the industry. 5. CONCLUSION To conclude, the pharmaceutical industry in Great Britain is large, profitable and highly competitive. The continued production and development of new pharmaceutical products is a source of funding of medical research. The industrys products include many salutary medicines that contribute substantially to the national health as well as to the economy of the country. Additionally, the commercial success of the industry is huge with businesses achieving every year even higher sales. Most of the companies that operate in the UK have long history and great expertise as well as experience in production of pharmaceuticals. All of them have a strong sense of responsibility and their main purpose remains the continuous improvement of human life. In recent times companies face serious challenges such as patents expiries, legal regulations and increased demands from healthcare providers are likely to persist in the future and may be more pronounced. This is the main reasons that lead firms to create an environment that could distribute more development with less danger and an improved financial performance (GSKs Annual report, 2009). GSK, Novartis and AstraZeneca have established long term strategies to maintain their corporate sustainability. Nowadays, firms face extremely high costs of RD while the product life cycle is greatly reducing. Moreover, important issues such as product approval, pricing and promotion are always a cornerstone for further arrangements and regulations. These usually are factors that adversely affect companies and consequently, limit their operations. One of the industrys future plans involves further regulations. Additional plans and thoughts include greater analysis of costs and benefits of medicines used by the NHS. However, this venture is difficult to be achieved because the demand for pharmaceutical products is large and growing. Also, the ageing population in Britain leads to even greater increase in the number of prescription drugs, a trend that will continue to exist in the future. Therefore, it is expected that the most important therapeutic areas will be those associated with age such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. According to Royal College of Physicians (2009), the prevalence of Alzheimers disease will affect 1 million people in the UK by 2025 compared to 700000 today. This is the reason that the demand for more effective therapies may increase in those areas. The same pattern is followed by diabetes disease which is expected to increase from 3 million today to 4-5 million in next years. Moreover, expert expects that the economic demand for cancer care in the UK will increase by 200% which is an extremely high percentage (Sikora K, 2008). Furthermore, reports from Prescribing Analysis and Cost (PACT) in the UK reveal significant future changes in general practice prescribing. According to their data, the volume of prescriptions rose by 6% in 2007 compared to the previous years growth of 4,5% (NHS, 2008). Also, costs of prescription rose by 2,1% in 2007 compared to the previous year, which accounts for  £8 bn. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry has still untapped potentialities and of course, exciting challenges and opportunities will continue to exist. The market in the UK will continue to be driven by demand for better treatments for devastating diseases affecting its population. This will be beneficial for British pharmaceutical firms. Also, their primary objective now is to expand and develop their operations into promising emerging markets such as China and India. It should be noted that the emerging markets demand higher standards of healthcare because the life and health expectations are very low compared to the developed countries. Therefore, by expanding their activities in these markets, the corporations will be able to offer their products increasing their production and sales. 7. APPENDICES CRITICAL EVALUATION OF METHODS PEST analysis is a good strategic technique to analyse the external environment of an industry. However, it does not consider at all the internal factors that might affect the environment of an industry. In my opinion it could be more effective tool in accordance with other relative tools such as SWOT analysis and McKinseys 7S model (strategy, structure, systems, style, staff and stakeholders). Both of those techniques take into account internal and external factors. Therefore, the combination of those could provide a more complete and analytical picture of the industrys strategic environment. Kotler (1998) supports that PEST analysis is a useful strategic technique for understanding market growth or decline, industrys position as well as potential and direction for operations. Also, the use of PEST analysis can be efficient for business plans, product developments and research reports. Also, PEST ensures that the performance of a firm is positively related to strong changing forces that are influencing the business environment (Porter, 1985) The Five Forces analysis is a necessary ingredient of a successful strategy and it is usually used as a complementary help of other techniques such as PEST or SWOT. Additionally, in my point of view, this technique is strong and useful but it is difficult to concentrate all those factors around a main implication and predict properly the industrys profitability. Particularly, Porters Five Forces model combines the structure of an industry to the competitive intensity within it and to the profitability that it realises. While every industry is unique, competition and profitability are the main components that can influence the structure of that industry. (Grant, 2008).The most important point that firms should consider within an industry is the dynamics of their industries in order to compete efficiently in the market. According to Porter (1980) the competitive environment of an industry is created by the interaction of five different forces that act within it.

Home Rule :: Essays Papers

Home Rule The Potato Famine, religious discrimination, and land issues caused tension in the Irish community. Home Rule, a measure of an independent government for Ireland, was the inevitable solution. It took more than two centuries for Ireland to gain its independence over Great Britain. With the Act of 1800, the British abolished Ireland’s Dublin Parliament. As a result, Irish members were forced to take their seats in Westminster (Walsh 1). This left the Irish with no government representation within the country. The Irish had a desire to control domestic affairs without any British involvement. Replaced by English traditions and emigration, the nationalist movement increased opportunity for change. By the mid 1880’s, Irish nationalism rose to great heights and Irish independence was at the forefront of politics (20). Charles Parnell became the leader of the revived Irish movement. He was named head of both the Irish Parliamentary Party and the National Land League. Parnell gained support from members of the Fenian movement, as well as newly elected British Prime Minister, William Gladstone. Gladstone was highly aware of the Irish predicament stating "My mission is to pacify Ireland" (21). His attempt at pacification started with the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland. In 1885, he introduced the First Home Rule Bill. Between the years of 1886 and 1921 there were four Home Rule bills submitted to Parliament. The Home Rule Bills provided a dual-bodied legislature strictly for local matters and Irish representation at Westminster to vote on Irish taxation. According to Taylor "It threatened to frustrate those (British) completely in that it provided for a sepa rate Irish parliament and an end to Irish representation in Westminster" (Taylor 772). This led way to views of republicans and revolutionaries after each bill was defeated. Home Rule had a huge effect on Irish society and Irish politics to which Ireland is shaped today. The Gaelic Revival was an attempt to re-introduce old Gaelic traditions to the Irish people. The Irish were fed up with British influence. The restoration of their culture would provide themselves with a national identity. As stated in Ireland’s Independence, "The period saw the emergence of a separate series of organizations – literary, sporting, political" (Walsh 18). The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), founded by Michael Cusak, promoted national games, such as hurling, football, and handball (Walsh 18).